Oil-burning apparatus



Nov. 13, 1928. 1,691,311

c. M. STROUD OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 16, 1927 2 Shets-Sheet 1 INVENTOF? GHfiHLEs M STHOUD H T TOFINEJS Patented Nov. 13,1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT orncs.

CHARLES M. strnoun, or irrNNnAroLIs, i 'ssie'Non 6F, oNnJiiiLr T0 LESLIE Ir, FAWKES, 0F MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

OIL-BURNING APPARATUS.

Application filed February 16, 1927. serial No. 168,619.

This invention relates to liquid fuel burn ing apparatus and is an improvement over that form of burning apparatus shown in my pending application, Serial Number 99,956, filed April 5, 1926.

A general object of the invention is to provide improved means for mixing the air and the oil, and for projecting the same through the apparatus in a direction of the flame orifice, in a manner to obtain thorough atomization of the oil, and to reduce sooting to the minimum.

Other objects of the invenion are to pro vide an air mixing device as a tubular element, forming a continuation of the air intake orifice, and having an extension arranged to discharge downwardly into the casing; to directair mixture so that a sheet like discharge of the same is had which extends substantially entirely transversely across'the casing; to provide means whereby, during normal burner operation, that is after the burner is started, the oil is preheated by being discharged against a hot wall, to be spread along the Wall and to be atomized as it is discharged; to provide means whereby the air is also preheated and spread and is made to pass through a sheet of flaming oil; to arrange the delivery end of the mixing and spreading member in relation to the bottom of the casing or pot so that a. maximum surface area at the bottom of said casing is provided on that side toward which the ignited mixture is discharged; to' provide means to prevent fire from reaching the over-flow pipe and to prevent burning oil from passing into or partly through the over-flow pipe; to provide a guard which also prevents sooting at the intake endof the overflow passage; to provide atubular mix? ing chamber element as a continuation of the air intake pipe or orifice, which can be easily detached. for purposes of cleaning; to provide an arrangement whereby the point of discharge from the mixing chamber is at a level below the air intake conduit; to provide means for delivering oilinto the extension to be spread across that face nearest the flame orifice of the pot; to provide means for discharging the oil downwardly into said extension; to provide a device in which a tubular oil and air mixing and delivery tube forms a depending bafile plate transversely dividing the burner casing, with the front *all of the tubular casing providing the battle and the whole structure providing a guard for the oil over-flow as above set forth; to provide an air intake pipe having its delivery end flared inwardly andv divergent toward thevertical side walls of the casing for spreading the air forwardly and laterally; and to provide atransvcrsely and vertically curved discharge spout providing a flame orifice adapted to deliver downwardly into the furnace, and leading from the end of the casing, the walls of said spout extending entirely across the pot or casing and'discharge chamber. i

Features of the invention include, all the details of construction, the various shapes and arrangement ofthe parts, along with the manner of assembling the 'parts, and particw larly the manner of assembling and connecting the tubular oil and air mixing chain'- ber element in relation to the air delivery end of, the air intake pipe, to the flame orilice, as well as the arrangement of the oil delivery duct and connections for delivering oil thereto. r I

Advantages of the devicewill be disclosed in the description of'the drawingswhich forms a part of this application and in said drawings: p

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the device applied to a furnace door, and show ing the furnace door in section; A l igure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section; Figure 3 is a plan section substantially on line 33 of Figure 2;

Figure {i is a vertical cross-section substantially on linea -4 of Figure 2; and I Figure 5 is a detail end view of the tubular mixingor vaporizing chamber.

The numeral 1 designates the casing or pot which has generally a rectangularcrosssection as shown in Figure l although this cross-sectional con figuration may be modified \vithin' certain limits without departing from the spirit of the invention. This casing has a flame discharge orifice 2 formed'to discharge downwardl said orifice bein e v t c a partly defined by, a hood-l ke extension of the casing; The walls of this hood-like'extension, which walls cooperate in forming the downwardly dlrected flame discharge orifice, are vertically and: transversely curved, and the spout 0r hood extends entirely across the chamber so that its vertical side walls are a continuation of the vertical 7 side walls of the extension are continuations V of the corresponding[walls of the casing. The height of the extension is, therefore, less than theheight of the casing and the extension is arranged at an upperlevel sub stantially as shown. Connected with the extension substantially as shown in Figure 3 is anair intake pipe 7 having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergenttoward the vertical side walls of the pot or casing as at 8 for spreading the air laterally toward and along vertical side walls. The details thus far set forth are substantially those shown in the pending application above referred to.: v

The salient feature of the present device is the tubular mixing element as a continuation of the air intake conduit or of the extension 11, which may be considered as a portionJof the air intake conduit. This device is removably fitted within the portion 11, and has an extension 20 arranged to discharge downwardly into the casing. he

horizontal portion 21- is shaped and fitted substantially as shown in Figure 2, and has a bottom wall 23 resting upon the bottom wall of the extension 11. Suitable screws indicatedin dotted lines at 25 hold the mixing chamber against accidental displacement. A tubular mixing element is arranged so that it discharges at a level below the air intake conduit, by which means the air and 'oil, mixed and flaming, are carried to the bottom of the casing there to be discharged'in a direction generally toward the bottom of the casing and toward the outer vertical wall of the casing. The mixing element curved at its upper side as at 31: so as to reduce friction and direct the air downwardly into the downwardiy-reaching extension 20. I v

The dischar e orifice 35 of themixing element, is of a dimension substantially. as shown, and it will be notedthat, in this instance, the area of this orifice is greater than the horizontal cross-sectional area of the extension.

It, will also be noted that the cross-see tional area of the portion 21 is greater than that of the extension 20 whereby the velocity of air is reduced in the extension or mixing leg, to obtain the proper atomization, mixing and flame spreading.

Means for delivering oil into the extension is provided, and, in this instance, the delivery is in downward direction. The element is bored as at 86 to provide for this oil delivery, in this instance, in a downward direction, andthe upper end of the bore is screw-capped as at 37, and the cap may be removed to clean the conduit. By this arrangement, the oil is flowed and spread upon the inner side of the wall 39, and inasmuch as this wall is highly heated during operation of the burner, a high degree of vaporization, mixing and flaming is obtained within the tubular mixing element.

The angular relation of this'upright bore may be slightly changed, and it may be sometimes desirable to direct the oil in a direction moretoward the rear wall 40 of the tubular element. In the structure shown, the oil is discharged substantially at the level of the air intake and, therefore, opposite the horizontal portion 90 of the tubular mixer.

It will befnoted thatas a result of the arrangement, the oil is preheated and is discharged upon the inner surface of the hot forward wall of the mixing element.

The oil is thus highly atomized as the re= sult of its being flowed upon'the surface as above-mentioned. The air is also preheated and spread so that the sheet of flame iss es from the orifice 85 entirely across the casing. It will be noted that the delivery end of the mixing and spreading element, that is theorifice 85, is arranged'rearwardly of the'wall 30 so that the maximum surface area at the bottom of the pot is provided, on that side toward which the ignited mixture is traveling. the fire flashes back to the point of delivery of theoil and burning takes place from that point outwardly. The angle of the wall 30 may be changed under certain conditionsbut the burner has at present been found to operate best with the angular relation shown in the drawings. The wick is shown at 32, and is supported by wires 33.- v

The rear wall 40 of the extension 20 is provided with a lug to space the wall 40 from the rear wall 5'l'of the casing or Jot and the. lower edge of thewall ll) isscalloped as at 42 to provide for underflow of Oll to the over-flow pipe 60.

Oil is delivered to the condu1t36 through a horizontal pipe which is suitably connected by threads with an orifice 56 which communicates with the conduit- 36. An elbow 57 connects the pipe 55 with the pipe 58 which latter pipe extends downwardly through the extension 11 and lower wall of the air intake pipe. c a

It will be noted that the openings 43 are It is to be understood that,

provided in that wallnearest the flame orilice. and that the openings are substantially at the level of the air intake conduit. It will be further noted that the discharge opening of the extension is of greater area than the cross-sectional area of the extension, and it will be further noted that the air intake or horizontal end oi the tubular element substantially of the same cross-sectional area as the air intake conduit and ofa greater cross-sectional area than the downwardlydirected portion 20. I p

The oil pipe passes through the air intake conduit in direction of the inward travel of the air and delivers into the oil conduit in a direction substantially perpendicular thereto. The delivery thus takes place in a a horizontal direction and the oil in the pipe and in that portion of the pipe 58 which extends within the casing is pre-heated, inasmuch as when the burner is in operation, heating takes place considerable distance outwardly from the downwardly extending portion 20 in direction of the incoming air and above the point of introduction of the oil.

In. assembling, the pipe 55, carrying the elbow 57, is screwed into the orifice 56. The horizontal extension of the tubular mixing;- element is then properly positioned and the screws introduced, after which the pipe section 58 is thrust upwardly and screwed to the elbow 57. Extending outwardly from the front wall 51 of the casing is a return oil pipe 60 and this pipe communicates with the interior otthe pot at a level above its bottom but below the air intake substantially as shown, see Figures 2 and l. The extension 20 thus forms a guard to prevent fire from reaching the over-flow pipe and toprevent passing of fiameinto the pipe. The guard also prevents sooting at the intake end of the over-flow pipe or passage, In order to prevent eddying, openings are provided and are arranged substantially as shown, at the level of the air intake pipe.

A fan casing'8O is herein shown as an integral part of the air delivery pipe '7.

This, however, is not necessary. An air in take pipe 84 leads laterally from the casing tit). and this pipe has its intake end 85 adsn'ialllayer of oil to flood the bottom of the pot, this amount generally being av layer from one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in thickness The wick 32 is now lighted,

pass through the sheet of flame.

to start the burning of the film of oil on the bottom of the pot, ignition, combustion and flaming thus taking place in the ignition and combustion chamber, of which, after starting, the extension 21 may be consi'dercd a. part, inasmuch as flaming takes place at point of introduction of the oil. After the oil is ignited the blower is turned on and the oil is then iied in the proper quantity. f

It will be noted that in the normal opera tioa of the burner, the tire flashes hack to the place at which the oil is introduced, and burning: littliGS place at the discharge orifice. As the result of the arrangement herein, the oil is pro-heated and is discharged on the hot or forward wall of the mixing chamber. The oil is atomized as it is discharged and also as it flowed upon the inner side of the hot wallf The air is also pre-heated and spread and is made to The de livery end of the mixing and spreading element is'arranged so that the maximum surfacearea at the bottom of the pot is pro vided on that sidetoward which the ignited ini ture is traveling;

It will be noted that the cold air rushing into the tubular element passes through'the sheet of flame. It will also be noted that tlietlared air intake spreads the air transversely entirely across the casing so that the flaming mixture is delivered in a sheet extending entirely transversely across the casing, and this sheet-like flame is delivered into the fire box of the furnace in a downward direction also as a thick sheet of flame.

The guard is'arranged to prevent fire from reaching the over-flow pipeiand to prevent the passing into or partly through the overflow pipe. The guard also prevents soot ing at the intake end of the over-flow passage or pipe.

It will be noted that the oil and air spreader is a unit casting, which can be easily and quickly removed for purposes of cleaning; is delivered on both forward and rearward walls of the tubular element during a normal operation of ti e burner, it being; under stood that the angular relation of the oil discharge conduit may be changed within certain limits without departing: from the spirit of the invention. A

It will be further noted that the [hinge 10 extends entirely around the casino; and that the openings 10" for the arranged in a novel manner. The two upper openings being arranged inwardly and being the ones by which the casing is sus 1 pended, and the lower open ngs l0 being arranged at the corners for the purpose of drawing the casino: inwardly against the door. By this relative arrangement of the openings, the flange is caused to positively It will be further noted that oil i (it) tastenings are and evenly engage the outer surface oi the door to virtually form a sealed connection. This is a feature of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. A device of the class described comprising a casing having a flame discharge orifice and a horizontal airintake condu't at that end opposite the orifice,a tubular element as chamber and as a continuation of the air intake orifice having an extension arranged to discharge downwardly into the casing the point of discharge being below the level of the air intake conduit, means for delivering oil into the extension in a downward direction at a point substantially at the level of the air intake, an oil over-flow pipe corninunicating with the casing below. the air intake saidextension being protectingly opposed to the intake end or" the over-tlow pipe.

2. A device of the class described coinprj'sing a casing having atlanie discharge orifice, and an air intake conduit at that end opposite the opening, said conduit extending transversely entirely across the casing, a tubular element as a n'iixing chamber and an inward continuation oi the air intake orifice and of substantially the same transverse dimension and having an extension arranged to discharge downwardly into the casing. v v 1 34 A device or the class described comprising' a cas ng having a flame dischargerorifice and an air intake conduit at that end opposite the orifice, and a tubular element as a continuation of the air intake orifice having an extension arranged to discharge downwardly into the casing at a point below the air intake and orifice, said extension having openings through that Wall nearest the flame orifice. t

l. A device of the class described comprising a casing having a "flame d'schar e orifice and an air intake conduit at that'end opposite the orifice, and a tubular element as a continuation of the air intake orifice havingan extens'on arranged to discharge, downwardly into the casing ata pointbelow 6, A device of he class described 'ceur Gris ng a casing'having aiiaine discharge orifice and an air intake conduit at that. end

opposite the orifice, and a tubular element as a continuation of theair inta] e orifice having an extension arranged to discharge T. A device of the class described comprising a casing having a flame discharge ()llllCQ and an air intake conduit at that end oppo-,

site the orifice, and a tubular element as a cont'nuation of the air intake orifice having an extension arranged todiscl'iarge downwardly into the casing, said tubular lement having an oil conduit lea-ding downwardly intoits extension, and an oil pipe passing through the air intake conduit and delivering to said oil COl'lCllllb in direction substan tially perpendicular thereto. 1

t. A device of the class described comprising a casing having a lianie d scharge orifice and an air intake conduit at that end opposite the rifice and a tubular element as a continuation of the air intake orifice having an extens on arranged to discharge downward y into the casing, said tubular element having an oil conduit leading downwardly into its extension and an oil pipe passing through "the air intake conduit and delivering to said oil condu't in direct'on substantially perpendicular thereto, the delivery taking place in horizontal direction and in direction of the travel of the incoming air.

9. In combination with a furnace door l'iaving an opening, a burner apparatus having a casing passing through the opening, said casing having a plate-like flange integral therewith and circuinscribing the casing and acting as a stop to limit inward move nient of the casing'and to close the opening. said flange having openings, and be; ing through said openings to secure the flange to the doom the upper and lower horizontal portions 01 the plate-like flange each having two openings, ti openings of the lower fl 7 portion being paced a greater distance apart horizontally than the openings of the upper flangeport-ion.

10. A e. 1, ing having a dame discharge orifice and anair intake conduit a tubular eh nient within the casing as a mixing chamber and as an extension of the intake ondu t,

having a portion leading downwardly t ischarge and having an oil port for inuiuc lthereintoi said air conduit ex- 3 transversely across th.

i. casin iz having a dame discharge oriiice and an air intake conduit horizontally arranged at the upper part of the casv f a tubular element within the casing as a s pass ill) ion

transversely across the casing, and being of a form to provide a sheet-like flow of products passing therethrough.

A casing having a flame discharge orifice and an air intake conduit, a tubular element within the casing as a mixing chamber and as an extension of the intake conduit and having" a portion leading downwardly and having I of the extension nearest the flame orifice having a port for delivering oil into the downnrdly leading portion, and said mixing chamber extending transversely I entirely across the casing. V g V 1,3; A casing having a flame discharge orilice and an air intake conduit, a tubular element within the casing as a mixing chamber,

and as an extension of the intake conduit, and having a portion leading downwardly and arranged to discharge generally in direction towards the spout, and having a port for d livering oil into the downwardly leading portion, said-mixing chamber extending transversely entirely across the casing and being of a form-to provide a sheet-like flow of the flaming mixed products, said tubular element having a'portion reinovably'fitted vithin said air intake conduit.

ii. A casing having a flame discharge orifice andan air intake conduit spaced apart horizontally, a tubular element within the,

casing as an air intake extension, and hav inga downwardly leading portion opening adjacent the bottom of the casing, andhaving an oil port for delivering thereinto, said asing having an overflow orifice in thesame wall with the intake conduit, the arrangement being such that the downward leading portion iorms a gnard for said overflow opening.

15. A device of the class described comprising a casing as a pot having a flame discharge orifice, and an air intake conduit leading thereinto spaced apart lengthwise of the casing, a tubular element as a mixing chamber, and continuation of the intake conduit and having a downwardly directed portion including front and rear walls the lower end o1 the rear wall extending substantially to the bottom wall of the casing and the lower end of the front wall spaced a greater distance thereabove, said tubular element extending entirely transversely across thecasing and having an oil delivery port arranged to deliver into the downwa-rdly directed portion, and means for supplying oil to said port.

16. A device oi the class described com prising a casing as a tire pot having a flame front and rear walls, that walldi'scliairge orifice, andan air intake conduit leading tlierei'nto spaced apart lengthwise of the casing, a tubular element as a mixing chamber and continuation of the intake conduit, havingla downwardly directed'portion' including front and rear walls, the lower end oftlie rear wall extending substantially to'the bottom wall of the casing and the lower'e'nd of the front wall spaced a greater distance there'above, said tubular element extending entirely transversely of the casing and having an oily delivery port arranged to deliver into the downwardly directed portion, and means for supplying" oil to said port, a portion of the means being arranged in the horizontal intake'conduit and overlyingtlie downwardly directed p01 tionof the mixing chamber a 17. A casing having a discharge spout at one end and horizontally arranged and spaced air intake conduit at the opposite end, both spout and, opening being substantiallythe same level and at a" level above the bottom of thecas'ing, said air intake having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergent for spreading theair'transversely, and

a a tubular element communicating with the air intake and having throughout the same as the discharge end of the air intake conduit and having an extension directed downwardly intothe casingibelow thelevel' of the flame discharge orifice, said tubular clement constitnting a mixing chamber and being formed to provide a slieet' -like flow otthe'fuel and air, and means for deliveringoil intothe tubular element.

18. A casing having a discharge spout and an" air intake conduit, said air intake; having its delivery endfi'ared inwardly and divergent for spreading the airtransversely, and a tubularelement connnunicating with the air intake and beingjoi the same area as the discharge end of the air intake conduit and havi an GXhQllSl01l-lllf6CtQd downwardlyinto the casing below the le'velot the flame discharge orifice, said tubular element constituting mixing chamber and being formed to provide a sheet-like flow of the fuel and air, and means for delivering oil into the tubular element. 1

19. A device of the class described comprising a casing as a fire pot having a flame discharge orifice, and an air intake conduit leading thereinto, a tubular element as a mixing chamber, and as a continuation of the air intake and having a downwardly di rected portion arranged to delivery adjacent the bottom of the'casing, said tubular element extending entirely transversely across the casingand being of a form to give a sheetlike character to the mixture before discharge, and said intake conduit being flared inwardly and divergently toward the tubular element, to spread the air transversely thereacross.

'20. A device of the class described comprising a casing as a fire pot having a flame discharge orifice and an air intake conduit leading. thereinto spaced apart lengthwise of the casing, a tubular element as a mixing chamber and continuation of the air intake and ha-vinga portion extending downwardly and arranged to deliver adjacent the bottom of the casing, said tubular element extending entirely transversely of the casing and being of a form to give a sheetlike character to the mixture before discharge.

' 21. A. device of the class described comprising a casing having a flame discharge orifice and an air intake conduit spaced apart lengthwise of the casing, a tubular element as a continuation of the air intake orifice and having an extension leading downwardly within the casing to discharge adjacent the bottom thcreoi and formed to provide a discharge orifice at its lower end of greaterarca than the cross-sectional area of the tube element, means :for delivering oil into the extension generally in a direction towards its lower end in a manner to cause the oil to flow, the said element extending the entire transverse width of the cas 1ng,,and said air intake conduit having its delivery end flared inwardly and dive;- gent toward said tubular element to spread the air entirely transversely thereacross before its entry into said element.

22. A. casing having a flame discharge orifice, and an air intake conduit having its delivery end flared divergently to spread the livery end flared divergently to spread the air transversely;across the casing, a substantially L'shaped tubular element as a mixing chamber, having one arm removably fitted in the delivery end of the conduit and having its opposite arm extending downwardly to deliver adjacent the bottom of the casing, and means for delivering oil into the tubular element, andsaid tubular ele ment having a form adapted to obtain a sheet-like flow of products. x

24L A casing having ahood-like flame dis charge orifice in one wall extending entirely transversely thereacross, and having an air intake conduit in the opposite wall also extending entirely transversely thereacross, both at a level above the bottom of the cs" said intake conduit having .its deend flared (livergently to spread the air transversely across the casing, a substantially L-shaped tubular element as a mixing chamber extending also entirely transversely acr arm ren'io'vably fitted in the delivery'end of the conduit, and having'rits opposite arm extending downwardly to deliver adjacent the bottom of the casing generally in a diection toward the flame discharge orifice, 1 and means for delivering 011 into the down wardly extending arm.

A deviceot the class described c0mprising a casing as a fire pot having a flame discharge orifice and an air intake conduit, a tubular element as a mixing chamber, and continuation of the intakejconduit and having a downwardly directed portion arranged to deliver adjacent the bottom of the casing and being of a form to give a sheet-like character to thermixture before discharge, said air intake conduit having its delivery end flared inwardly and divergently for ss the casin and havin one spreading the air transversely-of the tuv.

bular element, said tubular element having a port rranged to deliver into said downwardly directed portion. I

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 14th day of February, 1927.

CHARLES M. .STROUD. 

